Milling and copying machine



July 1', 1941. zw c 2,247,462

MILLING AND COPYING MACHINE Filed March 22, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 1Jnvenfor July 1, 1941. zw c 2,247,462

MILLING AND COPYING MACHINE Filed March 22, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 July1, 1941.

5 Sheets- Sheet 4 Filed March. 22, 1938 July 1, .1941. K. ZWICK MILLINGAND COPYING MACHINE Filed March 22, 1938 5 sheets sheet 5 Jnvenfar ispivotally connected to the parallel motion beam 25, with the samefeatures of adiustment as disclosed in said'copending application withregard to the connection of'the pantograph point I56 age when desired,or a tracing stylus or a cuttingtool assembly may be mounted at thispoint 51 of the present pantograph, in the same manner disclosed in saidcopending application, and the holder of such tracing stylus or cuttingtool as-- sembly may be guided for vertical movement by a pivotedlinkage mounted on the parallel motion beam 25 and corresponding to thepivoted linkage ltl, |5t of said copending application.

As usual, the pantograph linkage may be adjusted to give various ratiosof reduction or enlar'gement, care being taken to adjust the parts sothat the points 29, 35, and 31 lie always in the same vertical plane.When motion is imparted to the point 31, in any ,direction (with eitherhorizontal or vertical components, or both) motion in the same directionwill be transmitted to the beam 25, on a reduced scale or ratiodepending on the'setting of the pantograph linkage. On the parallelmotion beam 25 is mounted an angular bracket 4| adjustable lengthwisealong the front face of the beam 25 and capable of being clamped in anydesired position along its range of adjustment by the clamping bolts 43.

nection of the housing 252 with the holder I21. in said copendingapplication, so that the driving belts are maintained under propertension at all times notwithstanding movement of the housing 99 in any,direction relatively to the driving motor 55.

In order to permit the machine to accomplish heavy milling work withoutsacrifice of the flexibility and lightness required for hand finishingof fine work, there is a forward extension 65 on the upper part of theframe 23, beyond the left end of the beam 25, and on the front face ofthis extension 65 is mounted a hollow angular bracket 51 clamped to theextension 65 by the bolts 69 which, when loosened, permit the entirebracket 51 to be turned on the face of the extension 55 about the axisof oscillation indicated diagrammatically at H (Fig. 2) so that thebracket may be clamped in any desired angular position. Mounted on thisbracket 61, which is of heavy and rigid construction, is a heavy dutyholder 19 mounted on a face of the bracket which is substantially in avertical plane perpendicular to the front face of the extension 95. Theholder 13 is adjustably held on the bracket 51 by the clamping bolts 15and when these are loosened the holder may be turned relatively to thebracket about the axis of oscillation indicated diagrammatically at 11(Fig. 1) and clamped again in its new position of adjustment. Byutilizing this possibility of turning the holder 13 relatively to thebrackets? about the axis 11, and turning A holder 45 is mounted on thisangular bracket 9| and is adjustable horizontally along this bracket ina direction closer to or farther away from the front face of the beam25, clamping bolts being provided to maintain this holder in any desiredadjusted position. The holder 55 is adapted to receive either a tracingstylus or a rotary cutting tool, as desired, a tracing stylus beingillustrated at 41.

Also mounted on the beam 25 is another holder 49. This holder maylikewise be mounted for adjustment on the beam, but it is usually notnecessary that it be adjustable, and for the sake of economy it may bemounted in fixed position on the front face of the beam. The holder 99is likewise adapted to receive, as desired, either a tracing stylus or arotary cuttin tool, the chuck of a cutting tool being indicated at 5|.The chuck is at the lower end of a spindle assembly which extendsupwardly through the holder 49, and preferably the elevation of thechuck 5| (and of the cutting tool or tracing stylus held thereby) may beadjusted by suitable adjusting means, such as the screw 53. When arotary cutting tool is mounted in the chuck 5|, the spindle assemblywithin the holder 49 is driven by suitable means such as an electricmotor 55 mounted on the frame 23 and driving a belt extending from apulley on the motor shaft to a pulley on the stub shaft 51 supportedadjustably from the belt housing 59 which is mounted for swingingmovement about the axisof the motor shaft, these parts corresponding ingeneral to the stub shaft 248 and belt housing 2 of said copendingapplication. Another belt runs from another pulley on the same shaft 51,through the housing 5|, to a pulley on the upper end of thespindleassembly and the holder 49,

the housing 6| being supported nearone end from the shaft 51 which inturn is supported ;from the housing 59. The other end of the housing 5|is pivotally connected to the upper end of the holder 49 in a mannersimilar to the con-' the bracket 51 relatively to the extension 55 aboutthe axis 1|, the holder 13 may be brought to any desired angularinclination relatively to the extension 65 of the frame 23.

In the holder is mounted a spindle assembly 9|, the lower end of whichremovably receives a cutting tool or milling cutter 83. The spindleassembly BI is preferably driven from the same motor 55 above mentioned,by driving connections to be described below.

The frame extension 65 is provided also with a horizontal slide 9|movable by a hand wheel 93, and on this slide 9| is a second horizontalslide at substantially right angles thereto, movable by the hand wheel91. This slide 95 is connected by a releasable connection 99 with theholder 49 on the beam 25, so that by operating the hand wheels-93 and 91the beam 25, and any cutting tools mounted on it or controlled bymovement of it, may be moved by positive feeding means rather than bydirect manual pressure. The slides 9| and 95 may also be driven by powerdriving means from the motor 55, as described below,-rather than bymanual operation of the hand wheels 93 and 91, but the term positivefeed as herein used is intended to include this mechanical feeding meansbroadly, whether the driving be effected by manual actuation of the handwheels 93 and 91, or whether it be efiected from the motor 55.

Suitable work table and pattern table means are provided for holding thework to be operated upon and the pattern to be followed. According tothe present invention these means may comprise a slide Ill! verticallymovable on the frame 23 by means of ascrew I03 which can be rotated by ahand wheel I05, the slide, carrying a horizontal slide I01 moved by. ascrew I09 which can be rotated by a hand crank Ill. The slide I01 inturn carries another horizontal slide H9 movable in a direction at rightangles to the movement of the slide I91 by means of a screw I I5 whichcan be turned by. a handcrank Ill.

The upper surface of the slide II3 forms a table which may forconvenience be called a work table, though under certain conditions itmay be used for supporting the pattern or model rather than the work.The top of the table is provided with the usual undercut or T-s'hapedgrooves to cooperate with the usual T-headed bolts for clamping the workor the pattern to the table.

There is also provided other table means including a vertical slideIIlIb movable on the frame 23 by means of a screw 33b which may berotated by a hand wheel IIlb. The slide Illlb carries a horizontal slideIll'Ib movable by means of a screw I091) which can be turned by a handcrank IIIb, and this slide III'Ib carries another horizontal slide II3bmovable in a direction at right angles to the movement of the slideIIJ'Ib by means of a screw II5b which can be turned by a hand crankII1b. The upper surface of the slide II3b forms a table which may forconvenience be termed the pattern table, although under certainconditions it is used for supporting the work rather than the pattern.This table, like the work table II3 is provided with the usual clampinggrooves.

Power means may be provided, as described below, for moving the tablesH3 and M31; in any direction, either at the same speed or at any desiredspeed ratio to each other. When such power means are not being usedhowever, and when the tables are fed manually then for equalscalereproductions the-present invention provides a supplementary tableI2I movably mounted on and supported by the table H312 and connected tothe table II3 to move therewith. To form such connection between thetables, an angle bracket is provided having a horizontal flange I23capable of being bolted to the table H3 in various positions, and havingalso an approximately vertical flange I25 which lies against a similarapproximately vertical flange I21 of another an'gle bracket having ahorizontal flange I29 which can be bolted or otherwise secured to thesupplementary table I2I in various positions thereon. Theverticalflanges I25 and I21 of these two brackets may extend eitherdownwardly from the tables H3 and I2I, as shown in Fig. 1, or upwardlyfrom these tables as shown in Fig. 5; In either event,

desired position relativelylto the main table II3 to which thesupplementary table is connected. This possibility of adjustment of thesupplementary tableis important, for it permits the position of thepattern and the work to be adjusted in any necessary manner relativelyto each other, after the pattern and work have been firmly clamped totheir respective tables, without the necessity of unclampingthemtherefrom. It is seen that one table may be raised or loweredrelatively to the other by permitting the clamping bolts I35 to slide upor down the slots I33, and may be moved horizontally relatively to theother in one direction, by permitting the bolts I35 to slide along theslots I3I, and may be "moved horizontally in another direction at rightangles to the meeting faces of the flanges I25 and I 21 by loosening theclamping bolts which hold horizontal flanges I23 and I29 to theirrespective tables, these bolts preferably passing through slots in thehorizontal flanges which extend in a direction approximatelyperpendicular to the plane of the vertical flanges I25 and IN. a

For some kinds of work, itis desirable that the table M3 and thesupplementary table I2I be freely movable vertically with respect toeach other but nevertheless be rigidly coupled in a horizontaldirection. When this desired the coupling arrangement shown in Fig. 6may be employed. Here, a bracket I31, somewhat U- shaped in horizontalsection, is clamped to the table II3 by clamping bolts I39 ,which aremounted in a-horizontal groove in the edge of the table I I3 so that byloosening these bolts, the bracket I31 may be moved horizontally alongthe edge of thetable. Vertical guiding grooves in the side legs of thebracket I31 receive the side edges of a plate III secured by screws orthe like to the supplementary table I2I. The plate MI may slide freelyvertically in the guiding grooves in the bracket I31, but can not movehorizontally in any direction.

In many cases, the supplementary table IIZI may rest directly on the topof the patterntable II3b and simply slide thereon. When the articles tobe supported by the table I2I are especially heavy, or when for otherreasons the minimizing of friction is desired, then anantifrictionbearing may be inserted between the tables HI and M31), as shown in Fig.'1. Here, a plate I45 with a smooth upper surface is placed on the tableH312, and the table I2I rests on balls I41 interposed between the top ofthe plate I55 and the smooth top of the table. I2I, the balls being keptin proper spaced relation to each other by a spacing member I49 havingholes in which the balls are loosely placed.

The above mentioned power feeding means for the tables may beconstructed in the manner shown diagrammatically in Figs. 3and f1. Asource of power I5I, such as an electric motor, is mounted on the fixedframe 2|, 23 and drives a gear I53 meshing with another gear I55slidable longitudinally on but non-rotatably connected (as by means of aspline or the like) to a shaft I51 on the vertical slide IIII. Thisshaft I51 carries and drives gears I59 and I591; connected to each otherand slidable longitudinally along the shaft, and also carries a sleeverotatable on the shaft, on which sleeve gears I6I and IBIa are rigidlymounted. The various gears cooperate with gears I63 on a sleeverotatable on a shaft I65 also mounted on the side IIII, and a gear I61is slidable longitudinally on but non-rotatably connected to the shaftI65. In one position, the gear I51 meshes with the gear I6I, and when itis moved along the shaft I65 from this position it is unmeshed from thegear IGI but clutched to the sleeve carrying the gears I63. The sleevecarrying the gears I59 and I59a may be moved to three positions, in oneof which the sleeve is clutched to the gear I6Ia and the gears I59'andI59a are unmeshed from the gear I63. In another position of this sleevethe gear I59 meshes with one of the gears I63, but the gear I59a isunmeshed and the sleeve is unclutched from the gear I6Ia. In'anotherposition the gear I59a meshes with another of the gears I63 but thesleeve carrying these gears is again unmeshed from'the gear IBIa. Bymeshing the gears and operating the clutches in various combinations bymeans of a control handle not shown the This shaft I65, through a set ofreversing gears HI and clutch I13, drives a shaft I connected to thescrew I03 which raises and lowers the table support II. The clutch I13can be engaged with the reversing gear mechanism to rotate the shaft I15in either direction, or may be disengaged so that the shaft I15 is notdriven at all.

The'shaft I65 carries a bevel gear I11 meshing with another bevel gear I19 on a shaft I86 which, through a reversing gear I63 of knownconstruction and clutch I85, drives another shaft I81 connected to thescrew I09 which moves the slide I01 on the support IOI. The clutch I65may be engaged in either of two positions, to drive the the same motorMI.

screw-I09 in either direction, or may be disen- I gaged so that nodriving results.

The shaft I8! carries a gear I9I longitudinally slidable onthe shaft butnon-rotatably connected therewith, as by means of a spline or the like.

This gear is held by suitable mechanism on the slide I01 to traveltherewith, and through an intermediate gear I93 it drives another gearI95 connected to a bevel gear I91 which meshes with two other bevelgears 2M and 203 (Fig. 4) loosely I rotatable on the shaft 205 mountedon the slide I01 and connected to the screw II5 which drives the slide II3. A clutch 201 may be shifted to produce a driving relationshipbetween the screw shaft 205 and either of the bevel gears 20I and 203,or may be put in a neutral position where no driving results.

Thus the support IOI, the slide I01, and the slide or table II3 will allbe driven in any desired direction from the source of power I5I,depending on the manner in which the clutches I13, I85, and 201 areengaged or disengaged. Such clutches may be controlled by a controlhandle I69 (Fig. 1) Working simultaneously with suitable particularclutch shifter arms accessible on the exterior of the machine, such, forexample,

as the arm 2 (Fig. l) controlling the clutch I85 which moves the slideI01, and the shifter arm M3 for controlling the clutch 201 whichmovesthe slide II 3. These shifter arms are mounted on the slides whichthey control, to travel therewith, so that they may be. automaticallyoperated by adjustable stops if desired, although of course.

the clutches may be shifted by the handle I69. For instance, the shifterarm 2I I mayoperate between two adjustable stops 2 I5 and 2 I1 (Fig. 1)'on the support IOI. Assuming that the power drive is operating, theslide I01 will be driven in one direction until the arm 2I I, mounted onand traveling with this slide, comes into contact with the stop 2I5,which stop will shift the arm to engage the clutch in the reverse mannerand cause driving of the slide in a reverse direction. Then when theslide I01 moves in the reverse direction until the arm 2 comes, intocontact with the other adjustable stop'2I1, this stop will again reversethe clutch and cause the slide I0 1 to be driven once more in itsoriginal direction. Thus stops control the shifter arm 2I3 of the clutchwhich operates the slide H3, and similar stops control the shifter and(not shown) of the clutch I13 which controls the vertical movements ofthe support IOI. I

The other support IOIb and its slides I01!) and II 31) may be driven ina similar manner from Referring again to Fig. 3, the shaft I65, throughgearing indicated in general at 22I, drives a gear 223 longitudinallyslidable on a shaft 225 mounted in the support IOIb, but non-rotatablyconnected to such shaft as by means of a spline or the like. The shaft225 is connected to another shaft 221 also mounted in the support Hill),by means of a variable speed drive of known form, capable of fineadjustment to any desired speed ratio within its range. For instance,the connection may be by means of a belt 229 running over conicalpulleys 23I slidably mounted on the shaft 225 and other conical pulleys233 slidably mounted on the shaft 221. The pulleys are controlled byarms 235 each connected to' one of the pulleys 223i and one of thepulleys 233 and fulcrumed between the two pulleys. The arms 235, inturn, are controlled by a toggle arrangement 231, the mid point 239 ofwhich may be moved in either direction as shown by the arrows, tostraighten the toggle to move the connected ends of the arms 235 as farapart as possible, or to collapse the toggle thus moving the connectedends of the arms 235 toward each other. The movements of the arms 235simultaneously spread the pulleys 23I and move the pulleys 233 towardeach other, or vice versa, thus varying the effective diameter of theportions of the pulleys which cooperate with the belt 229, and thuschanging the driving ratio in a stepless manner or finely adjustablemanner as desired.

From the shaft 221, the screws I031), "Nb, and II5b are driven in thesame manner in which the screws I03, I09, and'I I5 are driven from theshaft I65. The driving gearing between the shaft 221 and the screwsdriven thereby is designated in Fig. 3 by the same reference numeralsused for the gearing between the shaft I65 and its screws driventhereby, with the addition of the letter b to each numeral.

' The drive for driving the supplementary'cutter 83 and for feeding theslides 9| and from the same motor 55 which drives the tool spindle 5|,will now .be described with special reference to Figs. 8, 9; and 10. Themotor 55, through a bevel gear 25I drives a bevel gear 253 on a'shaft255 .to whichgears 251 of different diameters are fixed. On a parallelshaft 259 is slidable a group of gears 26I engageable with the gears 251in known manner to drive the shaft 259 at various trolled by the controlknob 269 (Fig. 1) so that they may be meshed and unmeshed in variouscombinations in order to drive theshaft 261 at various desired speeds.

The shaft 261 is in line with the opening in the front faceof theextension 65 over which the bracket 61 is placed. The front end of theshaft 261 terminates in a disengageable driving connection 21I which maybe engaged with or disengaged from a complementary part on the rear endof a shaft 213 mounted in the bracket This shaft drives a bevel gear 215meshing with another bevel gear 211 on a shaft 219 mounted in thebracket 61 and driving a bevel gear 28I which meshes with another bevelgear 283 on the spindle 8| which carries the cutter 63. By reason of thebevel gears above mentioned,

na rates there is no interference with turning the spindle holder it onits bracket (ti as above explained, or turning the bracket ti on thefront of the frame at. The turning axes it and ill (Figs. 1 and 2)previously mentioned, correspond with the axes of the shafts itl andtilt, respectively. When the bracket ill is removed from the frame thedriving connection ill readily comes apart, and a cover plate may beplaced Over the opening in the front of the frame 35, in closing the endof the shaft tt'l to avoid accidental engagement therewith.

The power feeding means for the slides ti and 95 is also driven from theshaft Edit. The shaft carries a spiral sear tiii driving another spiralgear 2th on a shaft at right angles to the shaft till, within the frameThis second gear tilt is connected to a worm 2% which drives a wormwheel till on a shaft 2% which shaft, through the gears 53W, drives acylindrical gear 3% having a wide face, with a length slightly greaterthan the range of travel of the slide iii, the axis of the cylindricalgear Silt being parallel to the direction of movement of the slide.Thus, in all positions of the slide, a near 51% mounted thereon is inproper meshing relation to the gear ililil. This gear tilt: is rotatableon a shaft Sill in the slide, and the gear tilt? drives another geartttl connected to a gear Sill which drives an intermediate gear tit, andthrough it, another gear tit rotatable on the above mentioned shaft 3%.The shaft Sill carries the hand wheel t3 and also is connected to'th'efeeding screw til" mounted on the slide ti, which engages a nut on theframe t5 so that rotation of the screw drives the slide in one directionor the other. A clutch tit is shiftable to connect the shaft to eitherof the gears 53% and iiitl, which are driven in opposite directionsthrough the gearing above mentioned.

The gear sit, which is thus constantly driven irrespective of theclutching or unclutching of the clutch tilt drives a shaft 325 on theslide @l. which shaft carries a bevel gear 3 meshing with two bevelgears 552i? and lit? rotatably mounted on the shaft tit, thus drivingthese bevel gears in opposite directions. A clutch tilt clutches the it.to either oi the bevel gears 1-325 and til, thus driving the shaft 329in either direction as desired. This shaft are carries the hand wheelill for manually controlling the slide tit, and also is connected to thefeeding screw 3%, mounted on the slide ti and passing through a nut onthe slide 95 so that rotation of the screw feeds the slide ht relativelyto the slide ti,

The handle tit (Figs. 1 and 2) controls the position of both clutchestilt and iii, and may be moved to various positions to clutch either orboth clutches in any desired direction.

The machine thus far described may be operated in several dlilerentways. If, for example, it is required to do profile milling or diesinking which necessitates heavy cutting in the rough cutting operation,the supplementary cutter holder it may be placed on the machine and thework piece may be clamped on the table i It in position to be operatedupon by the cutter at. If the reproduction is to be made on an equalscale rather than on an enlarged or reduced scale, then thesupplementary table it! is used and the pattern or model is clamped tothis supplementary table. The parallel motion beam 25 is then moved allthe way to the right of its range of movement (when viewed as in Fig. 1)and the holder 45 is moved leftwardly along the be to apoint near thecenter of the beam, as shown for example in Figs. 1 and 2. The be isheld in fixed or immovable position by means of the connection atbetween the holder it and the slides ill and at.

The tracing stylus ill mounted in the holder 65 is brought intocooperative relation with the pattern on the supplementary table iii. Inorder to adjust the pattern and the tracing stylus toexactly the properposition with respect to each other, for any given position of thecutter tit on the worlr, the branlret itl, 529 may be shifted withrespect to the bracket lit, its by loosening the clamping bolts filth,and either or both of the brackets may be shifted with respect to itsassociated table lit or MS, as already with respect to the beam When theparts have thus been set in proper position, the table lit is moved asrequired, to shift the work relatively to the rotating milling cuttert3. Such movement of the table iii; may be accomplished by hand, bymanual actuation of the hand wheels or cranks iii and l i'i, or may beaccomplished by the power of the motor it'l through the gearing shown inFig. 3. In either event, the movements of the table are accomplished bywhat may he termed positive feeding means (that is, screw feeds or thelike) as distinguished from direct hand feeding pressure. Thus heavycuts may be made in the work, because of the use of the positive reedinumeans, and because the supplementary cutter parts til, it, 83, etc., aremadeoi strong; and rugged con struction, well able to withstand heavycutting operations.-

During the movements of the table lit, the

table ill carrying the model is moved in exactly the same way, so thatthe operator can watch the relative positions of the tracing stylus illand the model, and thus will know when to stop the movement in any givendirection. If desired, the pattern may be placed tlyon the table was,instead of using the supplementary table it and the two tables lit andiillb may be driven at equal speeds through the gearing of Figs. 3 andl. When the very heavy rough cutting operation is finished, thesupplementary cutter holder it and its bracket ti are removed from. thema chine, and the resulting opening in the front of the frame t5, wherethe bracket was removed, is closed by a suitable cover plate. Then thestylus holder it is moved rightwardly along the beam til so that thereis'the same distance between the stylus ill and the cutting tool mountedin the chuck iii of the holder til, as the distance formerly existingbetween the tracing stylus ti and the cutter as. The distance betweenthe tracing stylus and the cutter now to be used being made the same asthe distance between the tracing stylus and the supplementary cutterpreviously used for the heavy rough cutting, it is unnecessary tounclamp the work or the pat tern or rearrange them in' any way withrespect to each other. The beam it is moved to proper position to causethe tracing stylus M to cooperate with the pattern, and to cause therotary cutting tool mounted in the chuck hi to cooperate with the work,and the cutting operation is resumed.

This part of the cutting operation may be termed for convenience the"standard cutting operation, and may be somewhat in the nature of roughcutting although not particularly heavy rough cutting, the heavy workhaving been done by the supplementary cutter 83. During the standardrough cutting operation, the tables H3 and |2| may remain stationary andthe cutter and tracing stylus may be moved over the work and pattern, bythe positive feeding means constituting the slides 9| and 95 andassociated parts, and the connection 99. These slides may be driven asabove explained by the power of the motor 55, or may be driven by directmanual operation of the hand wheels 99 and 91, but in either event thisconstitutes positive feeding means, as that term is herein used, andsuch positive feeding means is very advantageous for what may be termedthe standard rough cutting operation. On the other hand, if desired, thestandard rough cutting operation may be accomplished by maintaining thebeam 25 stations ary (by the slides 9i and 95 and the connection 99) andby moving the tables H3 '(and the table |2| which moves with it) eitherby the hand operated or the motor operated positive feeding, meansprovided for this table.

When all of the rough cutting work is finished, and when the finalfinishing operation is to be performed, direct hand pressure rather thanpositive feedingmeans is preferable, in order that the operator mayproperly execute on the work the fine details present on the pattern.For such finer finishing operation, the tables H3 and HI remainstationary, and the disengageable connection 99 between the beam and theslide 95 is disconnected, so that the beam is free to be moved by hand.The operator then moves this beam by direct hand pressure applied eitherdirectly to the beam or, preferably, to a handle placed at the point 31of the pantograph linkage 21, in order to obtain the leverage effect ofthe pantograph linkage. The beam 25, being free to move in any directionbut remaining always parallel to itself, is easily moved by handpressure transmitted directly or through the pantograph linkage, andwork of the finest and most detailed character can readily be executedin this manner.

It should be especially noted that the. supplementary cutter 83 andholder 13, specially designed for. heavy and rugged work, are mounteddirectly on the iframe extension 65 of the machine, and not on the beam25, the pantograph linkage 21, or associated parts. Hence, by the use ofthe supplementary cutter of'this kind, extremely heavy cuts can be takenwhen desired, without the necessity of making the beam 25 or thepantograph linkage 21 of unusually heavy construction, because the beamand linkage do not have to withstand the heavy pressures required in theheavy cutting produced by the cutter 83. Hence the parallel motion beamand the pantograph linkage may be made of normal construction,sufiiciently light to be readily movable by hand, and well adapted tofine and high grade finishing work, without detracting in any way fromthe ability of the machine to accomplish also the heaviest rough cuttingwork, by means of the supplementary cutter 83. The table H9 and itsassociated supporting and feeding parts are constructed in a sturdy andrugged manner, so as to be able to withstand the heavy pressuresrequired when using the supplementary cutter 93, but this ruggedconstruction of the table does not detract in any way from the abilityof the machine to accomplish the very finest and detailed finishingoperations, for the table remains stationary during such finishingoperations, while only the lighter and more easily movable beam 25 andpantograph linkage 21, and associated parts, are moved.

The machine is, of course, not confined to making all equal scalereproductions. If a reproduction of the pattern on a reduced scale is tobe made, the'supplementary table |2| is not used but the pattern isclamped directly to the table ||3b, the work being clamped as before tothe table I 3.

The tracing stylus is mounted at the point 31 of the pantograph linkage,and the linkage is adjusted to the desired ratio of reduction betweenthe pattern and. the work. The beam 25 is preferably moved to the rightand held in fixed position by means of the slides 9| and 95 at theconnection .95, while the connection 35 between the beam and thepantograph linkage is moved leftwardly along the top of the beam beingadjustable on the beam in the same manner as the corresponding parts insaid copending patent application. The stylus at the point 31 ofthepantograph linkage is thus brought into proper cooperative relation withthe pattern on the table I I3b, but is held stationary by reason of theconnections 9|, 95, 99 which hold the beam 25 stationary.

, The heavy rough cutting operation is now performed by moving thetables I i3 and H31) in proper ratio to each other, through the powerfeeding means described in connection with Figs. 3 and 4. ,Theadjustable driving means 229-239 is adjusted to give the same ratio offeeding speed of the table ||3b to the feeding speed H3, as the ratio ofscale or size of the pattern to the Work.

Thus the heavy rough cutting of the work may be done quickly andeconomically by means of the supplementary cutter 83 able to withstandheavy cutting pressures as above explained. When this heavy cutting hasbeen completed, the cutter 93, holder 13 and bracket 61 are removed fromthe machine, and the beam 25 is moved leftwardly so as to bring thecutting tool in the chuck 5| intc proper cooperative relation to thework on the table H3. The connection 35 between the beam and thepantograph linkage is moved rightwardly along the top of the beam sothat the tracing stylus mounted on the pantograph linkage will be at thesame distance from the cutting tool now to be used in the chuck 5| asthe distance from the stylus to the cutting tool 83 during the heavycutting operation. The standard.- rough cutting operation (asdistinguished from the extra heavy rough cutting) is now performed,preferably by using the positive feeding means comprising the slides 9|and and associated parts,

operating to move the cutter holder 49 through the connection 99. Thispositive feeding means may be driven either by hand, through the cranks93 and 91, or by the power drive described in connection with Figs. 8and 9 of the drawings. As the cutting tool mounted on the holder 49 ismoved over the work, the tracing stylus mounted on the pantographlinkage will move correspondingly over the pattern, but on an enlargedscale or ratio, due to the effect of the pantograph.

When the standard rough cutting is completed, and it is time for thefinal finishing operation, the connection 99' between the slide 95 andthe holder 69 is disconnected, so that the beam 25 and the pantographlinkage 21 are now freely c ances moved by hand in any direction. Thefinal fin= ishins operation is then performed, the operator moving thestylus over the pattern by direct hand pressure, and this in turn causescorresponding movement of the cutting tool over the worlr. Because ofthe direct hand'movement, extremely fine and detailed work of thehighest grade can be turned out.

When the work is. to be made from the pattern on an enlarged scalerather than a reduced scale, the heavy rough cutting operation isperformed as before by moving the tables i it and filth at prop-s erratio with respect to each other through the searing disclosed in Figs.3 and d, while main" taining the cutting tool holder it in stationaryposition, and the tracing stylus also stationary. The tracing stylus mayhere be mounted in the holder 85. Then when the heavy rough cutting isfinished and standard rough cutting is to he perlormed, the cutting toolmay be connected at the point Bl of the pantograph linkage and thetracing stylus may be placed in the holder as or in the holder ill. Thebeam is moved as before, by the positive feeding means 9t, t5, whetherdriven by hand or by the motor and the movements of the beam causemovement oi the tracinc stylus over the pattern and correspondingmovement on an enlaraed scale of the cutting tool over the work. Asbefore, when it is time for the final finishing operation the connection99;) between the slide and the holder is disconnected, and the movementsof the tracing stylus and the cutting tool are performed by direct hand.pressure during the final finishing operation,

From the foregoing explanation it is seen that the machine abovedescribed is extremely ilein' his or versatile in use, being adapted toextreme ly heavy cutting operations as well as to the ill finest andhighest grade detailed finishing worlr,

and the features of ruggedness and stability which enable extra heavycutting operations are so designed that they! do not interfere in. anyway with the finest detailed worlr and do not lessen the ease ofmovement and operation of the parts when used for detailed worlr. Thevarious features 013 adjustment of the machine and the possibility oimoving certain parts relatively to-other parts are also of greatadvantage for many kinds oi worlr, as in many instances they avoid thenecessity of unclampinc' and reclampinc the pattern or the worlr when achange is to be made in the mode or operation, or when adjustment of theparts to a diherent position is needed.

A modified form of machine, also within the scope of the presentinvention, and having a number of features in common with the ma chineabove described will now be disclosed in connection with Figs. ii and 12oi. the drawlngs. In this modified machine, no pantograph linkage isemployed. The maclrine frame includes an upright standard till carryinga cross bar tilt, the front face of which is approximately vertical andprovided with horizontally extendins guideways and clamping grooves 355.A cutting tool holder tb'i and a tracing stylus holder use are mountedon these guideways but till and may be shifted to and clamped in anydesired position along the suideways. The cutting tool holder llll has aspindle carrying a cutting tool till at its lower end, the spindle beingdriven from the motor ass. by belts passing through the belt housingstilt and tt'l mounted for oscillation with respect to each other and tothe motor 3st, so that the belt drive remains efifective in any positionto which the holder dill may he moved along the bar The tracing stylusholder we is arranged to receive and hold a tracing stylus ltd. Theworlr and pattern tables of this machine may be the same as thosedisclosed inconnection with the embodiment previously described, andillustrated in Figs. l to 7. Therefore, the parts of the worl: andpattern tables are here designated by the same reference numerals usedfor the corresponding parts in Figs. 1 to "2. as before, the positivefeeding means for the tables may be operated directly by hand, throughthe var ious hand wheels and cranks, or may be driven from the motorllli through the gearing shown in Figs. 3 and a. The supplementary table(520 may be connected to the table M23 in any of the different waysabove mentioned in connection with the machine previously described.

in using the machine illustrated in Fine. ll and 12 the operations areperformed in much the same way as above described, except that thecutting tool and the tracing stylus are not bodily moved duringoperation, and relative movement between the tool and the wort: betweenthe stylus and the pattern taltes place always by moving the worls andpattern tables. When equal scale reproductions are to he thesupplementary table .l2l is preferably used, coupled to the table MS sothat the horlsontal movements of one table are always exactly the sameas those of the other, thus resulting; in an absolutely accuratereproduction on an equal scale. The use of two separate tables adjustshie relatively to each other has, however, an important advantage overthe use of one larse table on which both the pattern and the wort: mightbe mounted, for the reason already or ed out that after setting andclamping the wort: and pattern on their respective tables, the positionof the tables can be somewhat adjusted relatively to each other to bringcorresponding points of the work and pattern at exactly the rightdistance from each other. more satisfactory than attemptine to unclampthe worlt; or the pattern and move it on its table, or unclainplng thecutting tool holder or the sbtylus holder and moving it along; itssupporting The use of two separate tables coupled to each other insteadof placing the work and pattern on the Sulfide table. has the furtherimportant advantase that frequently the height of the worl: differsgreatly from the height of the pat tern. When this is the case, thesupplementary table ill (in both forms of machine above described) canbe placed at an elevation higher or lower than that of the table lit, tocompensate ilorthe difference in thickness or height of the pattern, forthe lateral pressures encountered in doing heavy work make it advisableto have This is much tions which do not differ greatly from each other.

When the work is to be reproduced from the pattern on an enlarged orreduced scale rather thanan equal scale, then the supplementary tablel2| is not used, but the two tables H3 and 3b are driven in proper ratioto each other through the gearing shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the relativefeeding speeds of the two tables determining the scale on which the workis reproduced with respect to the pattern.

As before, the supplementary table "I may be supported on bars or otheranti-friction devices (Fig. 7) when especially heavy masses are to bemoved, and the supplementary table may be connected to the table H3 bymeans of a connection which will allow relative vertical movement butwill transmit all horizontal movement as in Fig. 6.

If several pieces of work are to be reproduced on the same scale fromthe same pattern, more than one cutter holder 35! may be mounted on thebar 353 and the several work pieces may be placed on the table l2l, oron still other supplementary tables similarly coupled to the table IIIto be moved by the movements of the table 3. Of course, the variouspositions of the pattern and the work may be reversed, and the toolholder 35! and stylus holder 359 may be interchanged with each other. I

When the accompanying claims refer broadly to coupling means between thework table and the pattern table this is to be understood as applyingeither to gearing coupling means, such as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4,or to direct coupling means such, for example, as the parts I23-l29.

While certain embodiments of the invention have been disclosed, it is tobe understood that the inventive idea may be carried out in a number ofways. This application is therefore not to be limited to the precisedetails described, but is intended to cover all variations andmodifications thereof falling within the spirit of the invention or thescope of the'appended claims.

I claim:

1. A copying machine including means for holding. work and a pattern, atracing stylus for cooperation with the pattern, a frame, a cutterspindle for holding a cutting tool for normal cutting operations on thework, said cutter spindle being supported from said frame for movementrelatively thereto in a plurality of intersecting directions, and aspecial cutter spindle for holding a cutting tool for heavy cuttingoperations on the work, said special cutter spindle also being supportedfrom said frame and being held with its axis in stationary positionrelatively thereto during the progress of any given cutting operation.

2. A copying machine including means for holding work and a pattern, atracing stylus for cooperation with the pattern, a frame, a cutterspindle for holding a cutting tool for normal cutting operations on thework, said cutter spindle being supported from said frame for movementrelatively thereto in a plurality of intersecting directions, a specialcutter spindle for holding a cutting tool for heavy cutting operationson the work, said special cutter spindle also being supported from saidframe and being held with its axis in stationary position relativelythereto during the progress of any given cutting operation.

a single driving motor, and means for driving both of said spindles fromthe same motor.

3. A copying. machine including means for holding work and a pattern, atracing stylus for cooperation with the pattern, a frame, a. cutterspindle for holding a cutting tool for normal cutting operations on thework, said cutter spindle being supported from said frame for movementrelatively thereto in a plurality of intersecting directions, a specialcutter spindle for holding a cutting tool for heavy cutting operationson the work, said special cutter spindle also being supported from saidframe and being held with its axis in stationary position relativelythereto during the progress of any given cutting operation, a drivingmotor, belt means for driving said normal spindle from said motor, andshaft and gearing means for driving said special spindle from saidmotor.

4. A copying machine including a frame, means for holding work, a cutterspindle for holding a cutting tool to perform normal cutting operationson said work, means mounting said cutter spindle for .bodily movementrelatively to said frame in a plurality of intersecting directionsduring cutting operations, a special cutter spindle for holding acutting tool for heavy cutting operations on said work, means mountingsaid special cutter spindle in a position bodily fixed with respect tosaid frame during cutting operations performed thereby, and means formoving said work holding means relative to said frame to cause relativemovement between said work and said cutting tool on said specialspindle, during heavy cutting operations.

5. A copying machine as described in claim 4,

further including a source of power, and means for driving either ofsaid spindles at will from the same source of power.

6. A copying machine as described in claim 4, further including a sourceof power, means for driving said first mentioned spindle from saidsource of power, and positive gear and shaft means for driving saidheavy cutting spindle from the same source of power.

7. A copying machine including a frame, means for supporting work, acutter spindle mounted for bodily movement relatively to said frame in aplurality of intersecting directions so that a cutting tool carried bysaid spindle may move-over the work, positive feeding means for movingsaid spindle bodily relatively to said frame in a plurality ofintersecting directions, a source of power, means for driving saidspindle from said source of power, and means for driving said feedingmeans from the same source of power, said lastmentioned driving meansincluding changeable gearing for driving said feeding means at aplurality of different speeds for a given speed of driving said spindle.

8. A copying machine including a frame, means for holding work, a cutterspindle for holding a cutting tool to perform normal cutting Operationson said work, means mounting said cutter spindle for bodily movementrelatively to said frame during cutting operations, a special cutterspindle for holding a cutting tool for heavy cutting operations on saidwork, means mounting said special cutter spindle in a position bodilyfixed with respect to said frame during cutting operations performedthereby, positive feeding means for moving said first mentioned spindlebodily relatively to said frame, a source of power, means for drivingsaid first mentioned spindle from said source of power, means fordriving said special heavy cutting spindle from the same source ofpower, and means for driving said spindle feeding means from the samesource of power.

ble and said work table being originally movable 9. A copying machineincluding a tracing stylus, a cutting tool, table means for holding apattern in position to cooperate with said tracing stylus, table meansfor holding work in position to cooperate with said cutting tool, saidpattern table means and work table meansbeing originally movableindependently of each other, means for adjusting the position of saidpattern table means in three mutually perpendicular directionsrelatively to Said work table means, and means coupling said patterntable means to said work table means to move one concomitantly withmovement of the other.

10. A copying machine including means for holding a tracing stylus, acutterv spindle for normal cutting operations, a special cutter spindlefor heavy cutting operations, a pattern table for holding a pattern inposition to cooperate with said tracing stylus, a work table for holdingwork in position to be operated upon by cutting tools associated withsaid spindles, said pattern table and said work table both being mountedfor movement independently of each other, and means coupling said tablesto each other to cause conjoint movement thereof.

11. A copying machine as described in claim 10, further including meansfor moving one of said tables relatively tothe other toadjust theposition of one relatively to the other, said coupling means beingeffective to couple the two tables to each other in anyposition to whichthey may be adjusted relatively to each other.

12. A copying machine including a frame, a tracing stylus and a cutterspindle supported from said frame, a pattern table movable relatively tosaid frame for holding a pattern in position to cooperate with saidtracing stylus, a work table movable relatively to said frameindependently of said pattern table for supporting work in position tocooperate with a cutting tool associated with said cutter spindle, andpower means for moving both of'said tables relatively to said frame.

13. A copying machine including a frame, a

tracing. stylus and a cutter spindle supported from said frame, apattern table movable relatively to said frame for holding a pattern inposition to cooperate with said tracing stylus, a work table movablerelatively to said frame independently of said pattern table forsupporting Work in position to cooperate with a cutting tool associatedwith said cutter spindle, and power means for moving one of said tablesrelatively to said frame at one Speed and for moving the other of saidtables relatively to said frame at a different speed.

l4. mcopyingeznachineas described in claim 13, in which said power meansmay move each of said tables in an approximately vertical direction andin each of two approximately horizontal directions at approximately aright angle to each independently of each other, characterized by meansfor adjusting the position of one of said tables in substantiallyvertical direction relatively to the other of said tables, and meansdirectly connecting said two tables to each other so that movement ofone table causes corresponding movement of the other table.

16. A copying machine as described in claim 15, in which said connectingmeans includes a connection rigid with respect to movements in anapproximately horizontal direction and slidable with respect tomovements in an approximately vertical direction.

17. A copying machine as described in claim 15 in which said connectingmeans includes ,a bracket secured to one of said tables, a secondbracket secured to the other of said tables, and means rigidlyconnecting said two brackets to each other in any one of a plurality ofpositions to which they may be adjusted with respect to each other.

18. A copying machine including a frame, a tracing stylus and a cutterspindle, both supported from said frame, a first table and a secondtable each independently movable relatively to said frame, asupplementary table mounted on and supported by one of said tables andmovable relatively thereto, one of said tables being adapted to supporta pattern and another of said tables being adapted to support work, andmeans connecting said supplementary table to the other of said tables tomove said supplementary table by movement of the other of said tables.

19. A copying machine as described in claim 18, further includingrolling anti-friction means interposed between said supplementary tableand that one of the other tables on which it is supported.

20. A copying machine including a name, means for holding work, a cutterspindle for holding a cutting tool to perform normal cutting operationson said work, means mounting said cutter spindle for bodily movementrelatively to said frame during cutting operations, a special cutterspindle for holding. a cutting tool for heavy cutting operations on saidwork, means mounting said special cutter spindle in a position bodilyfixed with respect to said frame during cutting operationsperformedthereby, positive feeding means for moving said first mentioned spindlesource of power.

21. A-.-copyin,g;.-machine including a frame, a tracing stylus and acutter spindle, both supported from said frame, a first table movablerelatively to said frame, a second table, a supplementary table mountedon and supported by said second table and movable relatively thereto,said first table and said supplementary table being adapted to supportwork and a pattern, and means connecting said supplementary table tosaid first table to move said supplementary table by movement of saidfirst table.

KURT ZWICK.

